All sound pronunciation rules

When students learn to read, they establish mental links between how words sound in the way these sounds are represented by letters.

Phonological consciousness teaches spelling models and spelling rules. He teaches words of words called syllables. Learning common syllable models can help people become better readers and spelling.

Here are the 14 rules to follow for sound pronunciation in English.

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Syllable vowels

In English, a syllable will include at least a vowel. A vowel can be autonomous in a syllable, as in a nit and an illness. It can also be surrounded by consonants, as in the jet, the nap • parent and fan • tas • tic.

Short and long vowels

The sounds sounds depend on where they are in a word. For example, is the vowel followed by a consonant? This helps to determine whether the vowel makes its short or long: go to Got, She vs. Shed, hi against him.

• When there is only one vowel in a syllable and it is followed by at least one consonant, the vowel generally makes its short sound. The examples include on, the itching, the MAS • COT and WIS • CON • SIN. This model is called a “closed syllable” because the consonant “closes” the sound of a short vowel.

• When there is only one vowel and it is at the end of a syllable, the vowel makes its long sound, as in it and ban • Jo. This model is called an “open syllable”.

The “silent”

When “E” is the last letter in a word, and there is only another vowel in this syllable, the first vowel of this syllable is generally long and the E is silent, as on sale and on the side. This syllable model is called “vowel-consonant”.

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Some teachers call this the rule of “silent”. Some call it the “magic e” rule. The E gives all its power to the other vowel and makes this vowel use its long sound (“say its name”).

Consonant mixtures and digests

Digraph is a word used in English to signify that there are two letters which represent a sound. Consonnel diggers are made up of two consonants that work together to form a new sound. The examples include Chap, Ship, Thin, Whiz and Photo. The consonant mixtures are different. These groups of two or more consonants work together. But unlike the digests, their individual sounds can still be heard because they are mixed. Examples include clam, seizure and scrub.

Vowel digests

In a vowel diagraph, two vowels are adapted to each other. The first vowel is long and says its name. The second vowel is silent, as in the boat, painting and the beach.

Sometimes two vowels work together to form a new sound. This is called a diphthong. Examples include cloud and boil.

Vowels controlled by R

When a syllable has a vowel followed by “R”, the vowel is “controlled” by the R and makes a new sound. The examples include the car, the bird, the germ, the shape and the injury. This rule is sometimes called “R bossy” because R “boss” are the vowel to make a new sound.

The “Schwa” sound

Any vowel can make Schwa sounds; It looks like a weak uh or IH. Words like and final have the Schwa sound. Some words have more than one Schwa sound, such as an apartment and a banana. It is the most common sound of the English language.

C and C and hard c, and sweet g and hard g

When the letter C is followed by vowels E, I or Y, it usually makes its soft noise. Examples of this one hundred, circus and cyclone. With other vowels, the letter C makes a hard noise, as in the cat and the bed

Likewise, when the letter G is followed by vowels E, I or Y, it usually makes its soft noise. Examples of this gel, giant and gymnasium. With other vowels, the letter G makes a hard noise, as in gas, gorilla and yogurt.

The “FSZL” rule

The letters F, S, Z and L are generally doubled at the end of a word of a syllable immediately after a short vowel. Examples include stuff, grass, fuzz and shell. The exceptions include the quiz and the bus.

Ending with K or CK

When a word to a syllable ends with the / k / sound immediately after a short vowel, it is generally spelled with CK, as in the duck and the thing. When the / k / sound follows a consonant, a long vowel sound or a diphthong, it is generally spelled with K, as in the task, the cake, the soaking and the hawk.

/ D / sound and / ch / sound

In a word to a syllable, when A / J / Sound immediately follows a short vowel, it is spelled DGE as in Badge, Hedge, Bridge, Dodge and Smudge. (The D “protects” the vowel of the “magic e” rule.)

In a word to a syllable, when a / ch / sound immediately follows a short vowel, it is generally spelled tch as in catch, rendering, stitch, block and clutch. The exceptions to this rule are such, many, rich and which.

Drop the e with -ing

When the words end with a silent “e”, place the “E” before adding. Examples: bike / bike, give / give and dodge / dodge. This rule also applies to other suffixes that start with vowels, such as -ed, -er, -able and -ou. Examples: grieve / grievous, excite / excitable, and hope / hoped.

Double

In a word to a syllable as “win” where a short vowel is followed by a consonant, doubles the consonant before adding a suffix which begins with a vowel. Examples: winner, winner, winning.

Plural

For most words, add S to make them plural, as in cats / cats. But, when a singular word ends with S, SH, CH, X or Z, add es to make it plural, as in classes, brushes and foxes.

Y Rules

To make plural a word that ends with a vowel immediately followed by Y, just add S, as in toys / toys. When a consonant immediately follows, change the y in i and add es. Examples: family / families, pony / ponies and treaties / treaties.

The suffixes follow a similar set of rules Y. When there is a vowel just before Y, keep the Y and simply add the suffix. The examples include the game / game and annoying / annoying.

When a word ends with a consonant followed immediately by Y, change the Y to i before adding suffixes like -ed and -Sest. The examples include transport / worn and happy / the happiest.

But when the suffix starts with I, keep the Y and simply add the suffix, as in the fly / theft and the baby / baby.

I hope it helped understand the phonic rules. Thank you for reading.

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